‌Cross-border land and rail transportation are important transportation methods in cross-border logistics, and the following is an introduction to them:

###Cross-border land transportation

- ** Shipping method features **

- ** High flexibility **: Land transportation can flexibly arrange transportation routes and times according to customer needs, and can reach some remote areas that are difficult to reach by rail or sea, enabling door-to-door transportation services.

- ** Better timeliness **: For short-distance cross-border transportation, land transportation can quickly deliver goods to the destination, and in trade between some neighboring countries or regions, it can meet customers' needs for fast transportation of goods.

- ** Cargo adaptability **: It can transport various types of goods, including ordinary goods, fragile goods, fresh goods, etc. For some goods with irregular shapes or special transportation requirements, land transportation is relatively easier to carry out special packaging and fixing.

- ** transportation **

- ** Truck **: It is the most commonly used means of transportation in cross-border land transportation. According to the different types and transportation volumes of goods, trucks with different load capacities and models can be selected, such as vans, flatbed trucks, refrigerated trucks, etc.

- ** Trailer **: Usually used to transport overweight, overlong and overwide special goods such as large equipment and construction vehicles. It can tow the goods from the place of delivery to the border port, and then transfer them to the final destination by other means of transportation.

- ** Main routes **: There are many cross-border land transportation routes, mainly distributed in the border areas of various countries and regions. For example, in China, the road transportation line of the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor connects China, Mongolia and Russia, promoting trade between the three countries; the road network of the China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor strengthens the economic and trade ties between China and Central Asia and West Asia countries.

- ** Advantages and limitations **

- ** Advantages **: In addition to the aforementioned high flexibility, good timeliness and strong adaptability of goods, the upfront investment in land transportation is relatively small, and the transportation cost is competitive in short-distance transportation.

- ** Limitations **: The transportation capacity is relatively small compared to rail and sea transportation, the long-distance transportation cost is high, and it is easily affected by weather, road conditions and other factors. In case of heavy rain, blizzard, road construction, etc., transportation delays may be caused.

Cross-border rail transportation

- ** Shipping method features **

- ** Large transportation volume **: Railway transportation can carry a large amount of goods, and the cargo volume of a train is usually much larger than that of a truck. It is suitable for cross-border transportation of large quantities of goods and can meet the import and export needs of large enterprises.

- ** High punctuality **: Railway transportation has a relatively fixed schedule, which is less affected by natural factors such as weather and road conditions. It can depart and arrive at the scheduled time, and the punctuality and stability of freight transportation are high.

- ** Good safety **: The track of railway transportation is relatively fixed, the risk of bumps and collisions during operation is relatively small, and the safety of goods during transportation is relatively high, which is more favorable for the transportation of some valuables, precision instruments, etc.

- ** transportation **

- ** Freight trains **: It is the main tool for cross-border railway transportation, including ordinary freight trains and container trains. Ordinary freight trains are suitable for transporting bulk goods, large equipment, etc.; container trains are convenient for loading, unloading and transshipment of goods, enabling fast multimodal transportation.

- ** Main Route **

- ** China-Europe Express **: It is an important railway transportation channel connecting China with Europe and countries along the "Belt and Road Initiative". At present, three corridors have been formed in the west, middle and east. The westbound passage leaves through the ports of Alashankou and Khorgos, connecting Central Asia, West Asia and Europe; the midway passage leaves through the port of Erenhot, reaching Mongolia, Russia and Europe; the eastbound passage leaves through the ports of Manzhouli and Suifenhe, leading to Russia and Europe.

The Trans-Asian Railway is an ambitious plan to connect rail networks across Asia, some of which have been completed and put into use. For example, the opening of the China-Laos Railway has strengthened rail links between China and Laos, providing a more convenient transportation channel for trade between China and South East Asia countries.

- ** Advantages and limitations **

- ** Advantages **: In addition to large transportation volume, high punctuality and good safety, railway transportation is relatively inexpensive in long-distance transportation, and causes less environmental pollution, meeting the requirements of sustainable development.

- ** Limitations **: The flexibility of railway transportation is poor, the line is fixed, and the loading and unloading of goods needs to be carried out at the stations along the railway line. Direct door-to-door transportation cannot be realized like land transportation. In addition, the upfront construction investment of railway transportation is large, the construction period is long, and the railway network in some areas may not be perfect, limiting its service scope.